Cancer is a leading cause of illness in older pets, with nearly 50% of dogs over 10 years old developing some form of the disease. While a cancer diagnosis can be frightening, advancements in veterinary oncology have made early detection, effective treatment, and even remission possible for many pets.

At Bayview Animal Hospital in St. Petersburg, FL, we provide comprehensive cancer screenings, diagnostics, and treatment options to help manage cancer and improve your pet’s quality of life.

Understanding Cancer in Pets

What Is Cancer?

Cancer occurs when cells grow uncontrollably, forming tumors that can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). Malignant cancers can spread to other organs, leading to severe health complications.

Risk Factors for Cancer in Pets

  • Age: Senior pets are more likely to develop cancer.
  • Breed Predisposition: Certain breeds are genetically prone to specific cancers.
  • Environmental Factors: Sun exposure, chemicals, and secondhand smoke can increase cancer risk.
  • Hormonal Influence: Some cancers, like mammary tumors, are linked to reproductive hormones.

The Most Common Types of Cancer in Dogs and Cats

Lymphoma

  • What It Is: Cancer of the lymphatic system, affecting the immune system.
  • Common in: Golden Retrievers, Boxers, and FeLV-positive cats.
  • Symptoms:
    • Swollen lymph nodes
    • Loss of appetite and weight loss
    • Increased thirst and urination
  • Treatment Options: Chemotherapy can significantly improve quality of life and extend survival.

Mast Cell Tumors (MCTs)

  • What It Is: A common skin cancer in dogs, forming from mast cells involved in allergic reactions.
  • Common in: Boxers, Boston Terriers, and Labrador Retrievers.
  • Symptoms:
    • Raised, firm, or ulcerated lumps
    • Redness, swelling, or itchiness
  • Treatment Options: Surgical removal, radiation therapy, and anti-inflammatory medications.

Osteosarcoma (Bone Cancer)

  • What It Is: An aggressive bone tumor, most common in large and giant breed dogs.
  • Common in: Great Danes, Rottweilers, and Greyhounds.
  • Symptoms:
    • Limping or lameness
    • Swelling near the joints
    • Pain when walking
  • Treatment Options: Amputation combined with chemotherapy is the best approach.

Mammary Gland Tumors (Breast Cancer)

  • What It Is: The most common cancer in unspayed female dogs and cats.
  • Common in: Older, unspayed females, especially Poodles and Siamese cats.
  • Symptoms:
    • Lumps or swelling near the mammary glands
    • Ulceration or discharge from the nipples
  • Treatment Options: Spaying before the first heat cycle reduces risk by up to 90%. Surgical removal is often necessary.

Hemangiosarcoma

  • What It Is: A highly aggressive cancer of the blood vessels, often affecting the spleen, liver, and heart.
  • Common in: German Shepherds, Golden Retrievers, and Labrador Retrievers.
  • Symptoms:
    • Sudden collapse
    • Pale gums and rapid breathing
    • Abdominal swelling
  • Treatment Options: Emergency surgery to remove the tumor, followed by chemotherapy.

Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) in Cats

  • What It Is: A skin cancer caused by prolonged sun exposure.
  • Common in: White or light-colored cats, particularly outdoor cats.
  • Symptoms:
    • Non-healing sores on the ears, nose, or eyelids
    • Red, inflamed areas that may bleed
  • Treatment Options: Surgical removal, cryotherapy, or radiation therapy.

Signs of Cancer in Pets

Early Warning Signs

  • Unexplained weight loss
  • Loss of appetite or difficulty eating
  • Lumps or bumps that grow or change
  • Persistent coughing or difficulty breathing
  • Non-healing sores
  • Chronic vomiting or diarrhea

Diagnosing and Treating Cancer in Pets

Diagnostic Tools

  • Biopsy or fine needle aspiration (FNA) to evaluate suspicious growths.
  • Bloodwork and imaging (X-rays, ultrasound, CT scans) for internal tumors.

Treatment Options

  • Surgery: Removes tumors when possible.
  • Chemotherapy: Helps slow or stop cancer progression.
  • Radiation therapy: Used for inoperable tumors or post-surgical treatment.
  • Palliative care: Pain management for advanced cases.

More on veterinary oncology: Cancer in Pets – AVMA

Preventing Cancer in Pets

Early Detection and Routine Checkups

  • Annual exams allow veterinarians to detect abnormalities early.
  • Routine bloodwork can identify cancer markers before symptoms appear.

Spaying and Neutering

  • Spaying before the first heat cycle greatly reduces the risk of mammary cancer.
  • Neutering eliminates the risk of testicular cancer in male pets.

Healthy Diet and Lifestyle

  • A balanced diet supports immune function.
  • Exercise and maintaining a healthy weight reduce cancer risk.
  • Limiting sun exposure helps prevent squamous cell carcinoma in light-colored pets.

Book your pet’s wellness exam today: Cancer in Pets – AVMA

Why Choose Bayview Animal Hospital for Cancer Care?

  • Comprehensive cancer screening and diagnostics
  • Experienced veterinarians trained in oncology care
  • Personalized treatment plans for each pet
  • Advanced pain management and palliative care options

Schedule a cancer screening today: Contact Bayview Animal Hospital

Additional Resources

More on Pet Cancer: